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|
module;
#include <boost/asio/as_tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/awaitable.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/co_spawn.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <boost/json/serialize.hpp>
#include <boost/url.hpp>
export module routemon:http.server;
import std;
import :config;
import :trace;
import :http.common;
import :problem;
namespace net = boost::asio;
using tcp = net::ip::tcp;
namespace routemon::http {
struct readable_request
{
util::not_null<bhttp::request_parser<bhttp::empty_body>*> p;
util::not_null<beast::tcp_stream*> strm;
util::not_null<beast::flat_buffer*> buf;
};
class presponse
{
public:
using const_buffers_type = beast::span<net::const_buffer>;
private:
struct impl_base
{
virtual ~impl_base() = default;
virtual auto header() -> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields>& = 0;
virtual auto header() const
-> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields> const& = 0;
virtual auto is_done() const -> bool = 0;
virtual auto prepare(beast::error_code&) -> const_buffers_type = 0;
virtual auto consume(std::size_t n) -> void = 0;
virtual auto keep_alive() const -> bool = 0;
};
std::unique_ptr<impl_base> impl_;
template <bhttp::concepts::body Body>
class impl : public impl_base
{
// Initializes in the response state.
// At the first call to prepare, we switch to the message generator
// state. After that point, header may not be called anymore (it will
// throw).
std::variant<bhttp::response<Body>, bhttp::message_generator> state_;
auto ensure_message_generator() -> bhttp::message_generator&
{
if (auto prsp = std::get_if<bhttp::response<Body>>(&state_))
{
auto rsp = bhttp::response<Body>{std::move(*prsp)};
state_.template emplace<bhttp::message_generator>(std::move(rsp));
}
return std::get<bhttp::message_generator>(state_);
}
public:
explicit impl(bhttp::response<Body>&& rsp) : state_{std::move(rsp)} {}
auto header() -> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields>& override
{
if (auto prsp = std::get_if<bhttp::response<Body>>(&state_))
{
return prsp->base();
}
else
{
// TODO: define custom exception type
// presponse::bad_header_access
throw std::logic_error{"header() may not be called after prepare()"};
}
}
auto header() const -> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields> const& override
{
if (auto prsp = std::get_if<bhttp::response<Body>>(&state_))
{
return prsp->base();
}
else
{
throw std::logic_error{"header() may not be called after prepare()"};
}
}
auto is_done() const -> bool override
{
if (auto pgen = std::get_if<bhttp::message_generator>(&state_))
{
return pgen->is_done();
}
else /* still in the response state */
{
return false;
}
}
auto prepare(beast::error_code& ec) -> const_buffers_type override
{
return ensure_message_generator().prepare(ec);
}
auto consume(std::size_t n) -> void override
{
ensure_message_generator().consume(n);
}
auto keep_alive() const noexcept -> bool override
{
return state_.visit(
util::overloaded{
[](bhttp::response<Body> const& rsp) -> bool
{ return rsp.keep_alive(); },
[](bhttp::message_generator const& gen) -> bool
{ return gen.keep_alive(); },
});
}
};
public:
template <bhttp::concepts::body Body>
explicit presponse(bhttp::response<Body>&& rsp)
: impl_{new impl{std::move(rsp)}}
{
}
auto header() -> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields>&;
auto header() const -> bhttp::response_header<bhttp::fields> const&;
auto is_done() const -> bool;
auto prepare(beast::error_code& ec) -> const_buffers_type;
auto consume(std::size_t n) -> void;
auto keep_alive() const noexcept -> bool;
};
static_assert(beast::concepts::buffers_generator<presponse>);
template <class Ctx>
using next_handler_t = std::function<auto(Ctx)->net::awaitable<presponse>>;
template <class OuterCtx, class InnerCtx>
using middleware_t =
std::function<auto(
OuterCtx, bhttp::request_header<bhttp::fields>&,
next_handler_t<InnerCtx>)
->net::awaitable<presponse>>;
template <class Ctx>
auto id_middleware(
Ctx ctx, bhttp::request_header<bhttp::fields>&, next_handler_t<Ctx> next)
-> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
co_return co_await next(std::move(ctx));
}
struct base_ctx
{
std::locale locale;
trace::id trace_id;
};
template <class Ctx>
using basic_route_handler_fn_t =
std::function<auto(
Ctx, readable_request,
std::vector<std::string> const& matches)
->net::awaitable<presponse>>;
template <class Ctx>
auto cors_middleware(std::vector<std::string> const& allow_origins)
-> middleware_t<Ctx, Ctx>
{
if (allow_origins.empty())
return id_middleware<Ctx>;
auto header_str = allow_origins
| std::views::join_with(std::string_view{", "})
| std::ranges::to<std::string>();
return [header_str = std::move(header_str)](
Ctx ctx, bhttp::request_header<bhttp::fields>& req_hdr,
next_handler_t<Ctx> next) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
std::ignore = req_hdr;
auto prersp = co_await next(ctx);
prersp.header().set(bhttp::field::access_control_allow_origin, header_str);
co_return std::move(prersp);
};
}
template <class Ctx>
auto trace_id_middleware(
Ctx ctx, bhttp::request_header<bhttp::fields>& req_hdr,
next_handler_t<Ctx> next) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
std::ignore = req_hdr;
auto prersp = co_await next(std::move(ctx));
prersp.header().set(
"X-Routemon-Trace-Id",
std::string_view{static_cast<base_ctx const&>(ctx).trace_id.as_string()});
prersp.header().insert(
bhttp::field::access_control_expose_headers, "X-Routemon-Trace-Id");
co_return std::move(prersp);
}
struct keep_alive
{
bool value;
explicit keep_alive(bool value);
};
template <bhttp::concepts::body Body>
auto make_rsp(bhttp::status status, keep_alive ka) -> bhttp::response<Body>
{
auto rsp = bhttp::response<Body>{}; // HTTP version gets set later
rsp.result(status);
rsp.keep_alive(ka.value);
return rsp;
}
auto problem_rsp(
base_ctx const& ctx, problem::details const& problem, keep_alive ka)
-> presponse;
struct preflight_response
{
verb_set allow_methods;
std::vector<bhttp::field> allow_headers;
};
auto make_preflight_rsp(preflight_response res, keep_alive ka)
-> bhttp::response<bhttp::empty_body>;
// Using base_ctx instead of a template here since that saves you
// typing on invocation (and we do not care about the context type
// anyway, but all context types should derive from base_ctx).
template <bhttp::concepts::body_reader Body>
auto read_request(base_ctx const& ctx, readable_request&& r)
-> net::awaitable<std::expected<bhttp::request<Body>, presponse>>
{
std::ignore = ctx;
auto p = bhttp::request_parser<Body>{std::move(*r.p)};
co_await bhttp::async_read(*r.strm, *r.buf, p);
co_return std::move(p.release());
}
template <>
auto read_request<bhttp::empty_body>(base_ctx const& ctx, readable_request&& r)
-> net::
awaitable<std::expected<bhttp::request<bhttp::empty_body>, presponse>>
{
auto [ec, _] =
co_await bhttp::async_read(*r.strm, *r.buf, *r.p, net::as_tuple);
if (ec == bhttp::error::unexpected_body)
{
auto tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::bad_request,
.title = translate("No body expected for this request"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/unexpected-body",
};
co_return std::unexpected{problem_rsp(
ctx, tpl.instantiate(), keep_alive{false})};
}
else if (ec)
{
throw boost::system::system_error{ec};
}
co_return r.p->release();
}
template <class InnerCtx>
struct routed_ctx : InnerCtx
{
verb_set route_methods;
};
template <class Ctx>
requires requires(Ctx ctx) {
// Ctx must be derived from an instantiation of routed_ctx
[]<class InnerCtx>(routed_ctx<InnerCtx> const&) {}(ctx);
}
auto default_options_handler(
Ctx const& ctx, readable_request r, std::vector<std::string> const&)
-> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
auto mreq = co_await read_request<bhttp::empty_body>(ctx, std::move(r));
if (!mreq)
co_return std::move(mreq.error());
if (mreq->find(bhttp::field::access_control_request_method) != mreq->end())
{
// CORS preflight request
co_return make_preflight_rsp(
preflight_response{
// TODO: should access-control-allow-methods contain OPTIONS?
.allow_methods = ctx.route_methods,
.allow_headers = {bhttp::field::content_type},
},
keep_alive{mreq->keep_alive()});
}
else
{
// Normal OPTIONS request
auto rsp = make_rsp<bhttp::empty_body>(
bhttp::status::no_content, keep_alive{mreq->keep_alive()});
rsp.set(bhttp::field::allow, ctx.route_methods.to_string());
rsp.prepare_payload();
co_return std::move(rsp);
}
}
auto global_options_handler(base_ctx const& ctx, readable_request r)
-> net::awaitable<presponse>;
template <class A, class B, class C>
auto middleware_compose(middleware_t<A, B> ab, middleware_t<B, C> bc)
-> middleware_t<A, C>
{
return [ab = std::move(ab), bc = std::move(bc)](
A a, bhttp::request_header<bhttp::fields>& header,
next_handler_t<C> next) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
co_return co_await ab(
std::move(a), header, [&](B b) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{ co_return co_await bc(std::move(b), header, next); });
};
}
template <class A, class B>
auto middleware_wrap_fn(middleware_t<A, B> ab, basic_route_handler_fn_t<B> fn)
-> basic_route_handler_fn_t<A>
{
return
[ab = std::move(ab), fn = std::move(fn)](
A a_ctx, readable_request r,
std::vector<std::string> const& matches) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
co_return co_await ab(
std::move(a_ctx), r.p->get().base(),
[&](B b_ctx) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{ co_return co_await fn(std::move(b_ctx), r, matches); });
};
}
template <std::default_initializable V>
requires requires(V v) {
{ static_cast<bool>(v) };
}
struct handler_map
{
V options = {};
V delete_ = {};
V get = {};
V head = {};
V post = {};
V put = {};
template <class Self>
auto lookup(this Self&& self, supported_verb v) -> auto&&
{
switch (v.value)
{
case supported_verb::options:
return std::forward<Self>(self).options;
case supported_verb::delete_:
return std::forward<Self>(self).delete_;
case supported_verb::get:
return std::forward<Self>(self).get;
case supported_verb::head:
return std::forward<Self>(self).head;
case supported_verb::post:
return std::forward<Self>(self).post;
case supported_verb::put:
return std::forward<Self>(self).put;
}
}
auto verbs() const -> verb_set
{
return verb_set{
.options = static_cast<bool>(options),
.delete_ = static_cast<bool>(delete_),
.get = static_cast<bool>(get),
.head = static_cast<bool>(head),
.post = static_cast<bool>(post),
.put = static_cast<bool>(put),
};
}
auto empty() const -> bool { return verbs().empty(); }
template <std::default_initializable U>
auto map(std::invocable<V const&> auto f) const -> handler_map<U>
requires std::
assignable_from<U&, std::invoke_result_t<decltype(f), V const&>>
{
return {
.options = static_cast<bool>(options) ? f(options) : U{},
.delete_ = static_cast<bool>(delete_) ? f(delete_) : U{},
.get = static_cast<bool>(get) ? f(get) : U{},
.head = static_cast<bool>(head) ? f(head) : U{},
.post = static_cast<bool>(post) ? f(post) : U{},
.put = static_cast<bool>(put) ? f(put) : U{},
};
}
};
template <class Ctx>
struct route_tree
{
using leaves = handler_map<basic_route_handler_fn_t<Ctx>>;
using named_subtrees = std::unordered_map<std::string, route_tree>;
using wildcard_subtree = std::indirect<route_tree>;
leaves here;
// TODO: consider making the first alternative a radix tree
// Note: the map is the first variant here; the variant will be
// default-constructed with the default-constructed first
// alternative. The empty map denotes a lack of subtrees.
std::variant<named_subtrees, wildcard_subtree> sub;
};
template <class OuterCtx, class InnerCtx>
auto middleware_wrap_tree(
middleware_t<OuterCtx, InnerCtx> mw, route_tree<InnerCtx> const& tree)
-> route_tree<OuterCtx>
{
auto new_leaves = tree.here.template map<basic_route_handler_fn_t<OuterCtx>>(
std::bind_front(middleware_wrap_fn<OuterCtx, InnerCtx>, mw));
auto new_sub = tree.sub.visit(
util::overloaded{
[&mw](route_tree<InnerCtx>::named_subtrees const& subtrees)
-> decltype(route_tree<OuterCtx>::sub)
{
auto new_subtrees = typename route_tree<OuterCtx>::named_subtrees{};
for (auto [seg, subtree] : subtrees)
new_subtrees[seg] = middleware_wrap_tree(mw, subtree);
return new_subtrees;
},
[&mw](route_tree<InnerCtx>::wildcard_subtree const& subtree)
-> decltype(route_tree<OuterCtx>::sub)
{
return typename route_tree<OuterCtx>::wildcard_subtree{
middleware_wrap_tree(mw, *subtree)
};
},
});
return {.here = new_leaves, .sub = new_sub};
}
template <class T>
concept match_arg = std::constructible_from<T, std::string const&>;
template <class Ctx, match_arg... MatchArgs>
using route_handler_fn_t =
std::function<auto(Ctx, readable_request, MatchArgs...)
->net::awaitable<presponse>>;
template <class Ctx, match_arg... MatchArgs>
auto degen_route_handler(route_handler_fn_t<Ctx, MatchArgs...> fn)
-> basic_route_handler_fn_t<Ctx>
{
return
[fn = std::move(fn)](
Ctx ctx, readable_request r,
std::vector<std::string> const& matches) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
if (sizeof...(MatchArgs) != matches.size())
throw std::runtime_error{"got unexpected amount of matches"};
auto it = matches.begin();
co_return co_await fn(
std::move(ctx), r,
MatchArgs{static_cast<std::string const&>(*it++)}...);
};
}
template <class Ctx, match_arg... MatchArgs>
struct ctree : route_tree<Ctx>
{
template <class OuterCtx>
auto wrap(middleware_t<OuterCtx, Ctx> mw) const
-> ctree<OuterCtx, MatchArgs...>
{
return {middleware_wrap_tree(std::move(mw), *this)};
}
};
template <class Ctx, match_arg... MatchArgs>
struct dtree : handler_map<route_handler_fn_t<Ctx, MatchArgs...>>
{
[[nodiscard]] auto to_leaves() const -> typename route_tree<Ctx>::leaves
{
auto here = this->template map<basic_route_handler_fn_t<Ctx>>(
degen_route_handler<Ctx, MatchArgs...>);
if (!here.verbs().empty() && !static_cast<bool>(this->options))
here.options = default_options_handler<Ctx>;
return here;
}
[[nodiscard]] auto named_subtrees(
std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, ctree<Ctx, MatchArgs...>>>
subtrees) const -> ctree<Ctx, MatchArgs...>
{
auto sub = typename route_tree<Ctx>::named_subtrees{
std::from_range, subtrees
| std::views::transform(
[](auto const& p)
{
return std::make_pair(
p.first,
static_cast<route_tree<Ctx>>(p.second));
})
};
return {route_tree<Ctx>{.here = to_leaves(), .sub = sub}};
}
template <match_arg MatchArg>
[[nodiscard]] auto
wildcard_subtree(ctree<Ctx, MatchArgs..., MatchArg> subtree)
-> ctree<Ctx, MatchArgs...>
{
return {route_tree<Ctx>{
.here = to_leaves(),
.sub = typename route_tree<Ctx>::wildcard_subtree{
static_cast<route_tree<Ctx>>(subtree)
}
}};
}
[[nodiscard]] auto no_subtrees() const -> ctree<Ctx, MatchArgs...>
{
return {route_tree<Ctx>{.here = to_leaves(), .sub = {}}};
}
};
class router
{
struct impl_base
{
virtual ~impl_base() = default;
virtual auto handle_request(trace::id trace_id, readable_request r) const
-> net::awaitable<presponse> = 0;
};
std::unique_ptr<impl_base> impl_;
template <std::derived_from<base_ctx> PreRouteCtx>
class impl : public impl_base
{
log::logger l_;
locale::selector lsel_;
middleware_t<base_ctx, PreRouteCtx> global_middleware_;
route_tree<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>> routes_;
public:
explicit impl(
log::logger const& l, locale::selector&& lsel,
middleware_t<base_ctx, PreRouteCtx> global_middleware,
route_tree<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>> routes)
: l_{l.sub("router")}, lsel_{std::move(lsel)},
global_middleware_{std::move(global_middleware)},
routes_{std::move(routes)}
{
}
struct match_result
{
util::not_null<
handler_map<basic_route_handler_fn_t<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>>> const*
>
route_handlers;
std::vector<std::string> wildcard_matches;
auto allowed_methods() const -> verb_set
{
return route_handlers->verbs();
}
};
auto match(boost::urls::segments_view segments) const
-> std::optional<match_result>
{
auto const* tree = &routes_;
auto wildcard_matches = std::vector<std::string>{};
for (auto const& seg : segments)
{
tree->sub.visit(
util::overloaded{
[&](route_tree<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>>::named_subtrees const&
subtrees)
{
auto it = subtrees.find(seg);
tree = it == subtrees.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
},
[&](route_tree<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>>::wildcard_subtree const&
wildcard_subtree)
{
wildcard_matches.push_back(seg);
tree = &*wildcard_subtree;
},
});
if (!tree)
return std::nullopt;
}
if (tree->here.empty())
return std::nullopt;
return match_result{
.route_handlers = util::not_null{&tree->here},
.wildcard_matches = wildcard_matches,
};
}
auto route_request(PreRouteCtx ctx, readable_request r) const
-> net::awaitable<presponse>
{
auto req_base = r.p->get().base();
auto const bad_request_tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::bad_request,
.title = translate("Bad request"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/bad-request",
};
if (req_base.target() == "*")
{
// request-target is in asterisk-form (RFC 9112, § 3.2.4),
// so the request must be a server-wide OPTIONS request.
if (req_base.method() != bhttp::verb::options)
{
auto tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::method_not_allowed,
.title = translate("Method not allowed"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/"
"method-not-allowed",
};
co_return problem_rsp(ctx, tpl.instantiate(), keep_alive{false});
}
co_return co_await global_options_handler(ctx, r);
}
else if (auto mreq_url0 =
boost::urls::parse_origin_form(req_base.target()))
{
// request-target is in origin-form (RFC 9112, § 3.2.1),
// so it must be a normal request (not a CONNECT or
// server-wide OPTIONS request).
auto req_url = boost::urls::url{*mreq_url0};
req_url.normalize();
if (!req_url.is_path_absolute())
{
auto problem = bad_request_tpl.instantiate().set_detail(translate(
"Path of normalized (RFC 3986, § 6) "
"origin-form request-target (RFC "
"9112, § 3.2.1) should be "
"absolute"));
co_return problem_rsp(ctx, problem, keep_alive{false});
}
l_.with(
"trace_id",
static_cast<base_ctx const&>(ctx).trace_id.as_string())
.debug(
"Request targets {} {}", req_base.method_string(),
req_url.path());
auto mres = match(req_url.segments());
if (!mres)
{
auto tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::not_found,
.title = translate("Not found"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/not-found",
};
co_return problem_rsp(ctx, tpl.instantiate(), keep_alive{false});
}
auto mverb = supported_verb::from(req_base.method());
if (!mverb)
{
// Method not implemented.
auto tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::not_implemented,
.title = translate("Method not implemented"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/"
"method-not-implemented",
};
co_return problem_rsp(ctx, tpl.instantiate(), keep_alive{false});
}
if (auto mhdl = mres->route_handlers->lookup(*mverb))
{
auto new_ctx =
routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>{std::move(ctx), mres->allowed_methods()};
co_return co_await mhdl(
std::move(new_ctx), r, mres->wildcard_matches);
}
else
{
// Path recognized, but method not allowed.
auto tpl = problem::tpl{
.status = bhttp::status::method_not_allowed,
.title = translate("Method not allowed"),
.type_uri = "https://routemon.fautchen.eu/problems/"
"method-not-allowed",
};
auto rsp = problem_rsp(ctx, tpl.instantiate(), keep_alive{false});
rsp.header().set(
bhttp::field::allow, mres->allowed_methods().to_string());
co_return std::move(rsp);
}
}
else
{
// We do not accept any other request-target forms.
auto problem = bad_request_tpl.instantiate().set_detail(translate(
"Invalid request-target, expected "
"asterisk-form or origin-form "
"(see RFC 9112, § 3.2)"));
co_return problem_rsp(ctx, problem, keep_alive{false});
}
}
auto handle_request(trace::id trace_id, readable_request r) const
-> net::awaitable<presponse> override
{
auto header = r.p->get().base();
auto locale = lsel_.select(header[bhttp::field::accept_language]);
co_return co_await global_middleware_(
base_ctx{.locale = locale, .trace_id = trace_id}, header,
[&](PreRouteCtx ctx) -> net::awaitable<presponse>
{ co_return co_await route_request(std::move(ctx), std::move(r)); });
}
};
public:
template <std::derived_from<base_ctx> PreRouteCtx>
explicit router(
log::logger const& l, locale::selector&& lsel,
middleware_t<base_ctx, PreRouteCtx> global_middleware,
route_tree<routed_ctx<PreRouteCtx>> routes)
: impl_{std::make_unique<impl<PreRouteCtx>>(
l, std::move(lsel), std::move(global_middleware), std::move(routes))}
{
}
auto handle_request(trace::id trace_id, readable_request r) const
-> net::awaitable<presponse>;
};
class server
{
log::logger l_;
router r_;
auto do_session(beast::tcp_stream strm) -> net::awaitable<void>;
auto do_listen(tcp::endpoint endpoint) -> net::awaitable<void>;
public:
explicit server(log::logger const& l, router&& r);
auto spawn(net::io_context& ioc) -> void;
};
} // namespace routemon::http
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